fA 



iV 



PAflMll 



Vi: 






,^0 0BTAJ7V ^^ 







Fees less than those of any other responsible Agency. 

No Fees in Advance. 

No Fees unless the Patent is obtained. 

No Additional Fees for obtaining and conducting a 
Rehearing. 

No Fees for making Preliminary Examinations. 



WASHIXGTON CITY 



^ 



PATENT AGEITCY 



»-. P. CHIPMAK. \ ' ^tL^\ ^' ^- SMITH. 

A. A. HOSMER. / ^^ ^ E. W. ANDERSON. 

C. D. GILMORE. 



OF 



CHIPMAN, HOSMER & Co. 

No. 632 F Street, 

WASHINGTON, D. 0, 



ESTJi.SILISH:DBlD 1835. 



jP665 fe5 f7i<2n ttose of any other responsible Agency. 

No Fees in Advance, 

No Fees unless the Patent is obtained. 

No Additional Fees for Obtaining and Conducting a 

Rehearing, 
No Fees for making Preliminary Examinations, 



For making Preliminary Examinations, Preparing an ordi- 
nary Application, Specification, and all necessary papers, 
filing the same, and attending to the case until a Patent is 
obtained, in all ordinary cases, $23. 



ii^ For more particular information as to Fees, Government charges, 
and cost of obtaining Jb'atents in Foreign countries, see pages 28, 30. 



Entered according to Act of Congresss, in the year 1870, by 

CHIPMAN, HOSMER & CO., 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, I). C. 



f 



(2) 



p 



ONTENTS. 



PAGE. 

Inteoductiou" 5 

To WHOM Patents are Issued 7 

General Information 7 

Application 10 

Models 13 

Drawings - - 14 

The Specification -15 

Patents for Designs - - - • - . - - 16 

Trade-Marks 17 

Caveats 18 

Interferences ---19 

Infringements 20 

Ee-Issues 21 

Extension of Patents .-22 

Eejected Cases - - - ' 23 

Forfeited Cases . . •- 24 

Public Use and Sale of Invention - - - - 24 

Who will Sell Patent Eights 25 

EOYALTY 25 

Marking Articles, patented or otherwise - - - 25 

Patents on Small Inventions 26 

Foreigners 28 

Patents in Foreign Countries 28 

Government Fees, how Payable 30 

Starrs 31 

Our Fees 31 

How TO GET Patents Extended 33 

Copy-Eights - 33 

To Inventors 35 

Testimonials ----, 36 

Eeferences 40 



(3) 



INTEODUCTION. 



This pamphlet is published for the purpose of pointing 
out to those interested in such matters the law and busi- 
ness details applying in this country to the procurement 
of Letters Patent, and of giving general information as 
to the method of obtaining Patents in Europe, All facts 
or information coming within the wants of inventors, and 
those desiring the service of Patent Attorneys or Solicitors, 
wiU be promptly furnished upon request. Our experience, 
favorable location within a short distance of the Patent 
Department, where all the record^s, models, and accu- 
mulating archives are accessible; our successful and in- 
creasing business; our facilities of direct and speedy 
communication with all portions of this country, through 
regular correspondents — several thousand in number — 
together with agents in Europe, all combine to enable us 
to prosecute patent business at rates more favorable to 
inventors and those interested in such matters than other 
responsible solicitors seem disposed or able to offer. 

We assure those who desire our advice or efforts in any 
matters relating to Patents, home or foreign, that they 
will have accurate information — prompt and constant 
attention. 

If two or more of these pamphlets' should come into the 
hands of one person, it is respectfully asked that one be 
retained, and the other, or others, be given to those, who 
might desire the information contained. 



(5) 



To whom Patents are Issued. 

According to the new Patent Law, approved July 
8, -1870, a patent will be granted to any one wlio has 
invented or discovered any new and useful art, ma- 
chine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any 
new and useful improvement thereof. Whether the 
invention claimed be made by a man or woman, citi- 
zen or foreigner, a patent is granted in the name of 
the person first discovering and perfecting the de- 
vice. If the inventor die before obtaining a patent, 
his or her legal representative can procure it. 

If inventors unite in any application, the patent 
issues to them jointly. 

If the inventor, before obtaining a patent, assign 
a portion of the right, the pateiit will issue to the 
inventor and purchaser, as assignees, jointly. If the 
whole of the inventor's right be assigned, the patent 
will issue to the assignee, but the assignment must 
first be recorded in the United States Patent Office, 
and the specifications be sworn to by the inventor. 



General Information. 

The first question to be settled, when a person has 
found out any useful device, process, or compound, 
is, has it been patented f 

Any one desiring this information may send us a 
written description or sketch of the device, upon 

(7) 



GENERAL INFORMATION. 



receipt of which we will make a preliminary exami- 
nation at the Patent Office. If such a patent has 
been issued, we shall state the fact, and advise the 
person either not. to incur the expense of paying the 
Grovernment fee of $15 for an application, or, when 
it is possible, direct him to so change or modify his 
device as to make it patentable. 

Our experience in the business enables ns fre- 
quently to give valuable aid in this particular. For 
making the preliminary examination and giving this 
information ice charge no fee. 

This examination will generally enable us to give 
positive information to an inventor whether or not 
a patent will be allowed him, but not always. Ap- 
plications are sometimes made, when a caveat has 
been filed in the secret archives of the Patent Office, 
of which no one but such as are officially connected 
with the Department can have any knowledge. 
Sometimes the Examiner may make an erroneous 
decision, or base one rejection on the fact that an 
application for a device of similar character had pre- 
viously been rejected; or it may be that the inven- 
tion, or one embracing i*t, had been made and pub- 
licly advertised, but not patented, and therefore not 
within the ordinary scope of examination in the Pat- 
ent Office. 

But these are exceptional instances. As a gene- 
ral rule, the preliminary examination enables us to 
advise our clients whether or not a patent can be 
obtained with comparative certainty. 

If we inform our client that the device can be pat- 
ented, we shall also prepare the necessary papers 



GENERAL INFORMATION. 



complete for the signature of the inventor, so that 
he will only have to sign them in the proper form 
and manner, which the instructions we send with 
the application will plainly indicate. 

Models and drawings can be furnished at our office 
for the actual cost, or may be sent us by the invent- 
or. They should be provided in time to be submitted 
with the application. At the same time S15, which 
the law requires shall be paid to the Government on 
filing the application, should be furnished us, either 
by post-office oj'der, registered letter, or draft on New 
York. The cost of the drawings should be sent at 
the same time. In ordinary cases this will be S5. 
When the patent is allowed, the law requires another 
sum of 820 to be paid to the Government before the 
Letters Patent are issued, making the amount the 
Government receives for each original patent allow- 
ed 835. 

Our fee of 625 is due and payable when the patent 
is alloy: ed. By this arrangement we receive no fee 
unless successful in our efforts to obtain the patent. 
When solicitors obtain the fee in advance, and the 
patent is not allowed, the inventor loses whatever 
fee he has paid the solicitor, besides the Government 
charge. For the benefit, however, of those who pre- 
fer to pay in advance, we state that we have no ob- 
jection to receiving our fee in this manner. 

It is very often thought by inventors that by a 
personal visit to Washington, and attendance at the 
Patent Office, they can obtain their patents without 
the aid of attorneys, and with less delay and uncer- 
tainty. It rarely happens that an inventor, unless 



10 APPLICATION. 



he is also a patent lawyer, can secure his best inter- 
ests without the aid of an experienced attorney, and 
it is seldom that his patent can be better obtained 
by his personal presence than by correspondence 
with reliable attorneys resident here. The expense 
of the journey in most instances would be more than 
the ordinary cost of obtaining a patent through our 
offices. 



Application, 

The application comprises a model, drawings, pe- 
tition, oath, specification, and the first Government 
fee of $15. 

All applications must be completed for examina- 
tion within two years after the filing of the petition ; 
and, in default, they will be regarded as abandoned, 
unless it be satisfactorily proved to the Patent Office 
that such delay was unavoidable. 

Upon presenting an application to the Patent Of- 
fice, it is referred to a primary Examiner, who ex- 
amines it with reference to its novelty and usefulness. 
If he find or believe the invention unlike all other 
devices known or described, either in this country or 
elsewhere, or an improvement upon some one, and 
that it is susceptible of use and not hurtful, a patent 
is allowed. 

If, on the contrary, any model, drawing, specifica- 
tion, or published description of the same thing be 
found in this country or elsewhere, the application 
is rejected. 



APPLICATION. 11 



If the Examiner should, for any reason, object to 
the allowance of all that is claimed, we endeavor to 
overcome his objections by obtaining a re-hearing and 
explaining away the points he raises, or modifying 
the specification so as to avoid his objections. K, 
however, he reject the application, and we think his 
decision unreasonable or unwarranted, we advise our 
client to appeal to the Examiners in Chief, and if 
their decision is against the interest and what we be- 
lieve to be the legal right of our client, we advise an 
appeal to the Commissioner, and from him, if neces- 
sary, to the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. 

For obtaining and conducting a re-hearing we make 
no charge. Some solicitors charge additional fees of 
from $25 to $100, or more. Indeed, it is alleged that 
unscrupulous attorneys purposely file informal, de- 
fective, or objectionable applications, so as to necessi- 
tate a re-hearing and enable them to make additional 
charges, and thus they not only obtain more money 
than they call for by their advertised terms, but dam- 
age their clients by subjecting them to unnecessary 
delay. 

Thus, suppose the device is for an improvement Vi]}OTi 
a machine already patented. The attorney can claim 
it both as an original Invention and an improvement. 
The patent will be rejected. The attorney notifies 
the inventor of the rejection, but suggests that for a 
further fee of $25 or $50, he can obtain a re-hearing 
and an allowance of the patent. The credulous in- 
ventor forwards the extra fee, and the attorney ob 
tains a patent by simply erasing the objectionable 
claim from the specification. 



12 APPLICATION. 



But these re-heariDgs are of frequent occurrence 
also where the best faith is observed towards clients; 
for if the attorney performs his whole duty, he will 
make the claim as broad as possible, including not 
only what the inventor is certainly entitled to, but 
all that is open to argument. 

If the Examiner, after argument, hold that the 
claim is too broad, the objectionable portion, by the 
re-hearing, can be abandoned, and the specification 
so amended as to obtain for the inventor all that is 
patentable. 

For these re-hearings the Government requires no 
fee. 

As we ask no fees in advance, and no fees for mak- 
ing preliminary examinations and obtaining re-hear- 
ings, those who intrust their business to our hai^ds 
run no risk of paying exorbitant or unnecessary 
charges, but are assured that their interest in obtain- 
ing a patent at the least possible expense, a;nd our 
interest in obtaining the same with the least possible 
delay, are both considered and subserved. 

It usually takes about four weeks to obtain allow- 
ance of Letters Patent. Sometimes, when the Office 
is pressed with business, the applications being ex- 
amined in turn according to date of filing, a longer 
time is required. Again, it often happens that we 
obtain the allowance of a patent in two weeks. 

We also avoid delay in the following manner: .We 
make it an invariable rule to file the application in 
the Patent Office within five days from the date of 
receipt ; and should there be need of greater haste 
from any cause, our large and thoroughly-organized 



MODELS. 13 



establishment will enable ns to file the case, if re- 
ceived in the morning's mail, on the day after its 
receipt, provided the drawings required be not too 
elaborate. 



Models, 



The rules of the Patent Office prescribe that appli- 
cations for patents should be accompanied by a 
working model in cases where the nature of the 
invention admits of one. As a general rule this 
model must not exceed twelve inches square. Cases 
sometimes arise, however, in which a model of such 
size would be too small to illustrate the device. In 
such event we apply to the Commissioner in person, 
and obtain a relaxation of the rule. 

Where an important invention has been made, and 
the inventor has not time to prepare a finished model, 
he can send us a rough one, with which we will pre- 
pare and file his case. The finished model can be 
sent afterward, if required. A model is not always 
demanded under the new law by the Patent Office, 
but delay will be saved thereby, and therefore we 
advise its preparation in every case where it is pos- 
sible so to do. 

Models must be neatly and artistically constructed. 
They must also be made with reference to durability? 
and, if possible, should be in working order. Let 
them be painted or varnished, if made of wood. It 
is advised that the inventor's name be painted or 
engraved on the model. 



14 DRAWINGS. 



Patent medicineSj compositions of matter, chemical 
compounds, and the like, do not admit of models; but 
it is desirable that samples should accompany the 
application for such patents. 

In transmitting either models or samples, we should 
be informed in writing of the uses and mode of ope- 
rating the machine, and of samples the proportions 
of the ingredients used, as well as the method of 
compounding them. Such description aids us mate- 
rially in preparing the specification. 

If the model or sample be very small and light, it 
may be sent to us through the mail. Generally, 
however, models should be carefully boxed and 
forwarded to us by express, charges pre-paid. 



Drawings. 

The applicant for a patent is required by the law 
of 1870 to furnish drawings, where the nature of 
the case admits of them. The drawings must be 
neatly and artistically executed, according to certain 
rules prescribed by the Patent Office, which vary 
with every Commissioner, and which, therefore, 
we do not state. As the law of 1870 allows photo- 
graphic duplicates to be folded in the Letters Patent, 
the drawings are made with especial reference to 
that art. The draughts should be executed on one 
or more sheets, separate from the specification, the 
size of the sheets to be fifteen inches from tojo to 
bottom and ten across, this being the size of the 



THE SPECIFICATION. 15 



patent. These drawings, which are to be kept in 
the Patent OflSce for reference, must be on thick 
calendered drawing-paper, sufficiently stiff to support 
itself upright in the portfolios. Tracings upon cloth, 
pasted upon thick paper, will not be admitted. The 
drawings should generally be in perspective, with 
such detached sectional and plan views as will clear- 
ly show the invention, its construction, and opera- 
tion. All drawings should be correct in outline and 
shade, and, when different materials are united in a 
machine, as steel and iron, or wood and metal, the 
distinction should be indicated. Each part must be 
distinguished by the same number or letter, when- 
ever that part is delineated in the drawings. The 
name of the invention should be placed at the top of 
the drawing, in plain letters, so that it can be easily 
read at a glance, the short side being considered the 
top. It is almost impossible to have drawings made 
to suit the constantly-changing rules of the Patent 
Office outside of this city. 



The Specification. 

This is a most important part of the application. 
Much knowledge and skill should be bestowed in its 
preparation. No one who has not made it a study and 
business for years is well qualified to prepare a speci- 
fication. Thorough scientific and legal attainments 
are indispensable. Many inventors have discovered, 
b}'- painful and costly experience, that it is not every 



16 ±>ATENTS FOB DESIGNS. 



specification which will bear the searching scrutiny 
to which it must necessarily be subjected in an action 
of infringement. 



Patents for Designs. 

Novelties in the form or shape of articles or im- 
pressions produced on the surface of materials by 
any means whatever are patentable. 

Under the new law of July 8, 1870, design patents 
may be taken out for the new form or shape of 
any article. This includes tools, patterns, castings, 
machine-frames, stove plates, escutcheons, borders, 
fringes, and ornamented articles of all descriptions; 
also, all nevv^ designs for printing, weaving, painting, or 
stamping upon cotton, silk, or woolen fabrics, calicoes, 
carpets, oil-cloths, j)rints, paper-hangings, etc ; also, 
labels, envelopes, boxes, and bottles for goods; like- 
wise all works of art, including prints, paintings, 
busts, statuary, compositions in alto relievo and has- 
relief, new dies, impressions, or ornaments to be used 
on any article of manufacture or architectural work. 

The Government fees upon this class of patents 
are stated on page 30. 

No models are necessary in these cases, but draw- 
ings or photographs are required, which should not 
exceed fifteen inches by ten in size. If photographs 
are furnished, the glass negatives must also be care- 
fully packed and forwarded. 

For obtaining a design patent our fee is only §10. 



TRADE-MARKS. 17 



Trade-Marks. 

'New provisions are made under the law of July S, 
1870, for the protection of lawful trade-marks by 
Letters Patent. In order to obtain such Letters 
Patent, we require — 

1. The name of the party or firm, (and if a firm, 
the names of the parties,) their residences and place 
of business. 

2. The class of merchandise, and the particular 
description of goods comprised in such class, by 
which the trade-mark has been or is intended to be 
appropriated. 

3. A description of the trade-mark itself, with six 
facsimiles thereof, and the mode in which it has been 
or is intended to be applied. 

4. The length of time, if any, during which the 
trade-mark has been in use. 

5. The necessary funds, including the Government 
fee, $25, our own fee, $10. 

A trade-mark thus patented will remain in force 
for thirty years, and may be renewed at the end of 
that time for thirty years more, except in cases 
where such trade-mark is claimed for, and ajoplied 
to, articles not manufactured in this country, and 
where it receives protection under the laws of any 
foreign country for a shorter period, in which case 
it shall cease to have force in this country at the 
same time that it becomes of no effect elsewhere. 

The right to use any trade-mark is assignable by 
any instrument of writing, and such assignment 
must be recorded in the Patent Office within sixty 



= ::J 



18 CAVEATS. 



days after its execution. The fees will be the same 
as are prescribed for the recording of assignments 
of patenta, usually $3, unless we prepare the papers, 
when our charge will be $5. 



Caveats. 

A caveat consists of a specification, drawing, oath, 
and petition; and, like an application, should be pre- 
pared by one of experience and skill in the profes- 
sion. 

It sometimes happens that an inventor has con- 
ceived a general idea of some device, the details of 
which ai'c elaborate and complicated, and which he 
is desirous of perfecting or simplifying before pre- 
senting it to the public, but to accomplish which re- 
quires time and repeated experiments. 

The patent laws provide for the protection of such 
inventors by allowing them to file a general descrip- 
tion of their devices, the objects and purposes of the 
same, in the secret archives of the Patent Office. 
This general description is called a caveat^ and is 
considered a confidential communication from the 
inventor to the Commissioner of Patents. 

The objects to be attained by a caveat are — 

1. The inventor is entitled to a notice from the 
Commissioner of Patents in case any person shall 
apply for a patent upon the same or similar device 
daring the twelve months that ensue after the caveat 
is filed, and 



INTERFERENCES. 19 



2. In case of interfering applications, the ^^ caveat- 
or'' has secured the advantage of a prima facie case 
upon the records of the Department. 

Only American citizens, or persons who have 
made oath of their intention to become such citi- 
zens, and have resided in the United States one 
year, are entitled to file a caveat. 

We prepare drawings when necessary for caveat 
purposes at the actual cost incurred in their prepa- 
ration, making and filing the written description to 
accompany the same for $5. 

We do not in general advise the filing of caveats. 
It is far better, if possible, for the inventor to per- 
fect his invention and apply for a patent at once, for 
even at the rate we charge a caveat will cost from 
$20 to $25, including the Government fee. 

Caveats can be renewed every twelve months by 
paying the Government fee of $10 for each renewal. 



Interferences. 



It often occurs that applications are pending from 
different persons for the same device at the same 
time. In such cases the respective parties are noti- 
fied of the fact, and their applications are placed in 
a position technically called "interference.'' Each 
party is then expected to make out the best case 
possible consistent with truth and justice, and the 
question as to which shall have the patent is deter- 



20 INFRINGEMENTS. 



mined by the Commissioner, after hearing the proofs 
and allegations submitted by the contestants. 

Sometimes the devices of several inventors are in 
interference, and a decision as to the respective in. 
terests of all concerned can only be j^rociired after 
much labor has been performed by the attorneys. 
It is impossible, therefore, to fix a definite fee. Our 
charges will be reasonable and satisfactory. 

By the act of July 8, 1870, no appeal is allowed 
in interference cases beyond the Commissioner. 



Infringements. 

The question as to whether one patent infringes 
another lies at the basis of nearly all patent litiga- 
tion, and its phases are as varied as the patents 
themselves. Each case rests upon its own peculiari- 
ties, and a safe and reliable opinion therein is gener- 
ally the work of days or weeks, and involves great 
research. 

Every year adds to the labor of these investiga- 
tions, on account of the increase in the number of 
patents. 

It is a part of our business to serve clients in this 
branch of Patent Law by necessary examinations at 
the Patent Office, and instituting or conducting any 
legal proceedings connected therewith in the United 
States courts. 



RE'ISSUES* 21 



Re-Issnes. 

The Patent Law authorizes the re-issue of Letters 
Patent, and provides thereby a means of remedying 
its defects. 

Such re-issued Letters Patent correspond in date 
with the original, and are granted to the assignees, 
as well as to the inventor. In all cases, however, the 
application must be made and the specification sworn 
to by the inventor. 

This provision of the law has given rise to a very 
important department of our business. It has been 
found by those conversant with actions of infringe- 
ment that the Letters Patent may be defective in one 
or more of the following particulars : 

1. The specification may not be drawn up in such 
full, clear, concise, and exact terms as will enable a 
person skilled in the art to make and use the inven- 
tion. The Patent Office does not guarantee that the 
Letters Patent are correct in this respect. The draw- 
ings connected therewith may not clearly illustrate 
the invention. 

2. The claim may be too hroad^ covering more than 
the actual invention, or, in other words, embracing 
what is not new. This defect may be remedied by 
disclaimer or re-issue. The latter remedy will im- 
prove the papers, besides obviating the defect. 

3. The claim may be too narrow, not embracing 
the entire invention. This is a most frequent error, 
and it can be corrected only by re-issue. It is not 
always the fault of an attorney (although too often 
so) that the claims of an original patent are limited. 



22 EXTENSION OF PATENTS. 



The practice of the Patent Office is well understood 
to be more favorable to the granting of fall claims 
under a re-issue than on the original application. 

"We examine the character, validity, and scope of 
Letters Patent, with a view of determining upon the 
advantage of a re-issue. 

If, in view of this examination, a re-issue is deemed 
advisable, we will undertake to obtain it at a reason- 
able cost, varying from $25 to $50, which sum shall 
be payable only in case we are successful. 

The Government fee is $30; draughtman's fee usu- 
ally $5. 



Extension of Patents. 

Prior to March 2, 1861, the lifetime of a patent was 
fourteen years; but provisions were made by law for 
their extension for a further term of seven years in 
certain cases. 

The Government fee in such cases is $100, one-half 
of which must be paid in advance. Great care and 
skill should be bestowed in the preparation of appli- 
cations for extensions, as well as in conducting the 
cases after such applications are made. The inventor 
or (in case of his death) his legal representative is 
alone entitled to an extension. 

It is usual among attorneys to charge liberal fees 
in extension cases. We can offer no fixed price, but 
will always be ready to serve our clients for a rea- 
sonable compensation. 



EEJECTED CASES. 23 



All patents (except for designs and trade-marks) 
granted since March 4, 1861, have a lifetime of seven- 
teen years, and cannot be extended except by act 
of Congress. Extensions only relate to patents ob- 
tained prior to March 2, 1861. 

Design patents are granted for three and-a-half^ 
seven, or fourteen years, and may be extended for 
either period, at the will of the inventor, by applica- 
tion therefor, and the payment of fees mentioned on 
page 30. 



Rejected Cases. 

We have been very successful in prosecuting cases 
which were filed through other attorneys and re- 
jected or abandoned, and are prepared to give our 
services in such matters on terms which will be made 
satisfactory. 

The provisions of the new Patent Law of July 8, 
1870, with regard to rejected applications, are very 
stringent, and it behooves every inventor who has a 
case in this condition to use all possible expedition 
in having it attended to. The efPect of the law is: 

1. That every case which stood rejected by the 
Patent Office, on or before the 8th of July, 1870, (the 
date of the passage of the act,) shall be renewed be- 
fore January 8, 1871, or else be considered as aban- 
doned, 

2. That in cases filed after July 8, 1870, inventors 
are allowed two years after an official rejection in 
which to take action. Should this time be permitted 



24 PUBLIC USE AND SALE OF INVENTION. 



to elapse without the proper steps being taken on 
the part of an inventor, his ease will be considered 

as abandoned. 



Forfeited Cases. 



Llnder a recent law some applicants for patents, 
whose right to the same has been forfeited by fail- 
ure to pay the final Government fee, are allowed to 
revive the case, and obtain a patent, upon making 
new application and paying §15 Government fee. 



Public Use and Sale of Invention. 

It is very generally understood that, in order to 
avoid the operation of laws relating to public use of 
a device before application for a patent is made, in- 
ventors must regulate their movements with profound 
care and secresy. This is an error. The law, as now 
defined, authorizes the public use and sale of inven- 
tions for two years prior to the application. If, how- 
ever, during the time of such public use, any party 
besides the inventor shall have made and used the 
same device, the law will protect him in the use of 
such as he has made, but not in any further manu- 
facture of the article. 



Who will Sell Patent Riglits. 

Our business as solicitors, in conjunction with our 
other legal activities, forbids us from becoming agents 
for the sale of patents. Nor can we undertake to 
recommend parties to act as salesmen for correspond- 
ents. In four cases out of five the inventor himself 
is the proper man to dispose of his invention. He 
is the best judge of its merits and its value, and 
knows best whether the sum offered by a purchaser 
is remunerative or otherwise. 



Royalty. 

This term signifies a tax or tariff agreed upon be- 
tween the owner of a patent and a manufacturer or 
user of the thing patented. The owner gives a 
license to the manufacturer, receiving therefor a 
stipulated price upon each article sold or used. 

Some owners of patents have been known to re- 
ceive a large income from such royalty, reaching, in 
one instance, (Eli as Howe's sewing-machine,) nearly 
half a million dollars per year. 

The plan of license and royalty is frequently pre- 
ferable to sales of patents. We prepare ail necessary 
papers in such cases for a fee of 65. 



Marking Articles, Patented or Other- 
wise. 

By the act of Congress, approved July 8, 1870, it 
is provided that all articles made or vended under 



26 PATENTS ON SMALL INVENTIONS. 



the protection of a patent must be marked by affix- 
ing thereto the word ^"patented," together with the 
day and year that the patent was granted. 

In cases where it is impracticable to mark every 
article, the law provides that thej^ may be sold in 
packages, and that the word ''patented," with the 
date of patent, shall be printed on the outside of the 
packages. 

No damages can be collected for an infringement 
of a patent where the inventor fails to comply with 
these rules. 

Stamping or marking the words '^patented," "let- 
ters patent," or the like, upon any article not pat- 
ented, subjects the offender to a fine of $100 for each 
ofPense. 



Patents on Small Inventions. 

Nothing illustrates more clearly the wisdom of the 
proverb, ''despise not the day of small things," than 
small inventions. The records of the Patent Office 
present hundreds of instances where almost princely 
fortunes have been realized from what at first seemed 
a trifling invention. The " Jumping-Jack " has made 
a dozen small fortunes; and yet it is but a toy, and 
possesses no mechanical utility. 

An improvement on a simple straw-cutter yielded 
the inventor over $40,000. A patent for printer's 
ink brought the inventor much more than this. 
Large fortunes have been made out of the gfmblet- 
shaped screw. A client of ours is to-day rich from 
the sale of an improved ''stop-cock," which is not 



PATENTS ON SMALL INVENTIONS. 27 



above the comprehension of a, child. We could name 
minor inventions by hundreds not less successful. 

The test of all patents is their adaptability to gen- 
eral use; and, if they reach into our daily needs, it 
is easy to see how a small profit on a single article 
would yield a fortune. Indeed, the experience of 
dealers in patents, as well as inventors, teaches the 
general advantages of minor patents over those in- 
volving large outlay in their use and lai*ge capital 
to introduce them in the market. Many inventors 
of complicated and invaluable machinery have died 
in poverty, while their heirs or some fortunate as- 
signee tell off their wealth, derived from the invent- 
or's genius, by hundreds of thousands of dollars. A 
moment's reflection will explain why this is so often 
true. It should not discourage inventive genius 
from the higher walks of inspiration, but should en- 
courage those who have conceived some seemingly 
simple device. 

Money is the motive power of the world. The 
artist, the statesman, the soldier, the professional 
man, understand this. Why should not the invent- 
or? The poet or artist who disdains to profit by his 
inspiration will surely abbreviate not only his pow- 
er to be useful, but his individual happiness. The 
inventor who casts aside a simple contrivance, and 
refuses to profit by it, because he is reaching out for 
fame and glory from some great conception, will go 
down to posterity a visionary, and some practical 
man will reap the rewards of his labor. We say, 
then, do not smother a thought because it seems to 
stop with the discovery of a small thing. 



28 PATENTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



Foreigners. 

Our Government grants patents to foreigners 
upon tlie same terms as to our own citizens. The 
late discrimination against Canadians no longer ex- 
ists. They can make application on the same terms 
"with citizens of the United States. 



Patents in Foreign Countries. 

Many inventors and others have made fortunes 
by obtaining Letters Patent in Great Britain and 
other European countries. As a general rule, per- 
haps it is not safe to say that every device worthy 
of an Amerioan patent should also be patented 
abroad; but there can be no doubt that too little at- 
tention has been given to this subject. 

The Government fees for obtainino; patents in all 
foreign countries must be paid in gold or its equiva- 
lent. As the price of gold is constantly fluctuating, 
any tariff of prices would necessarily^ be unreliable. 
Should inventors desire foreign patents, we will 
give all required information as to the cost in each 
case. 

IN GEE AT BEITAIN 

Patents are granted for fourteen years to any per- 
son who applies, whether he be the inventor or an 
importer of the invention. A British patent ex- 
tends over Great Britain and Ireland only. For the 
colonies, a separate application must be made. 



PATENTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 29 



I]^ FEANCE 

Patents have a lifetime of fifteen years. Annual 
fees, 820. 

IX BELGIUM 

Patents are granted for twenty years, the patentee 
paying a small annual fee. 

When foreign patents are desirable, the three 
countries above named generally afford a better 
field of operations than all others. 

The taking out of a patent in a foreign country 
does not prejudice a patent previously obtained here, 
nor does it prevent obtaining a patent here subse- 
quently. 

When application is made for a patent for an in- 
vention v/hich has been already patented abroad, 
the inventor will be required to make oath that, ac- 
cording to the best of his knowledge and belief, the 
same has not been introduced into public and com- 
mon use in the United States. 

An applicant who has obtained a foreign patent 
should (temporarily) file in the Patent Office in this 
country the patent so obtained, with the specifica- 
tions (provisional or complete) attached, or a sworn 
copy of them. But where such papers or copies can- 
not be conveniently furnished, it will be sufficient if 
the reasons of such inability be set forth by affidavit; 
and the applicant shall also state the fact that a 
foreign patent has actually been obtained, giving its 
date, and showing clearly that the invention so pat- 
ented covers the whole ground of his present appli- 
cation. 



G-overnment Fees, how Paya,ble. 

The following is the tariff of fees established by- 
law: 

On every application for a design, for three 

years and six months «^ §10 00 

On every application for a design for seven 

years — • 15 00 

On every application for a design, for four- 
teen years SO 00 

On every application for a trade-mark 25 

On every caveat 10 00 

On every application for a patent 15 00 

On issuing each original patent 20 00 

On filinn^ a disclaimer 10 00 

On every application for a re-issue 30 00 

On every additional patent granted on a re- 
issue 30 00 

On every application for an extension 50 00 

On the grant of every extension 50 00 

On appeal from a primary examiner to ex- 
aminers-in-chief. 10 00 

On appeal to the Commissioner from the 

examiner-in-chief 20 00 

According to the new Patent Law the final fee on 
issuing a patent must be paid within six months 
after the time at which the patent w^as allowed, and 
notice thereof sent to the applicant or his agent; 
and, if the final fee for such patent be not paid within 
that time, the patent v/ill be withheld, and the in- 
vention therein described become public property as 



OUR FEES. 31 



against the applicant therefor, unless he shall make 
a new application therefor within two j^ears from 
the date of the allowance of the original application. 



Stamps. 

Eevenue stamps must be attached as follows : 

A stamp of the value of 50 cents is required upon 
each power of attorney authorizing an attorney or 
agent to transact business relative to an application 
for a patent. 

]!^o assignment directing a patent to issue to an 
assignee will be recognized, nor will any assignment 
be recorded, unless stamps shall be affixed of the 
value of 5 cents for every sheet of paper upon which 
the same shall be written. 

The person using or affixing the stamp must can- 
cel the same by writing thereupon the initials of his 
name and the date. 



Our Fees. 



For preliminary examinations, no fee. 

For preparing application, specification, and 
all necessary papers, and attending to the 
business until a patent is obtained, in all 
ordinary cases $25 00 



32 OXJK FEES. 



For preparing drawingSj the cost thereof, 

nsually 5 00 

For preparing and filing caveat 10 00 

Under recent rules all patents are printed; there- 
fore copies of the specification can be obtained at a 
less rate than formerly, provided application is made 
before the printed copies are exhausted. 

We will obtain a copy of the clahns in anj^ case 
where the patent has issued since 183G for $1. The 
copy of the specification is charged for in proportion 
to its length, and a copy of the drawings will be fur- 
nished for the draughtman's fees only. 

We furnish all information that may be desired 
as to patents which have been granted or rejected, 
as to assignments, contracts, licenses, shop rights, 
joint ownership, letters, abstracts of deeds of trans- 
fer, name of patentee, also sketches from drawings 
and descriptions from the specifications of any par- 
ticular patent. For giving such information our 
charge is usually §5. 

Assignments, transfers, licenses, or contracts, re- 
lating to inventions, should in all cases be recorded 
in the Patent Office. For preparing the necessary 
papers in such cases, and having the same recorded, 
our fee is $5; for recording only, $3. 

All cases of interference as to patents, here ov else- 
where, and any litigation, will be conducted for such 
reasonable compensation as may be agreed upon. 

All letters of inquiry containing a postage stamp 
will be promptly answered. Ail communications 
about patents will be treated as strictly confidential. 



How to get Patents Extended. 

Patents granted prior to March 2, 1861, can be 
extended for. seven years under the general law, but 
it is requisite that the petition for extension should 
be filed with the Commissioner of Patents at least 
ninety days before the date on which the patent ex- 
pires. Many patents are now allowed to expire 
which could be made profitable under an extended 
term. Applications for extension can only be made 
by the patentee, or, in the event of his death, by his 
legal representatives. Parties interested in patents 
about to expire can obtain all necessary instructions^ 
free of charge, by writing to 

CHIPMAN, HOSMER & CO., 

"VVashikgtoe-, D. C. 



Copy-Riglits. 

The Patent Law of July 8, 1870, provides that any 
citizen or resident of the United States who is the 
author, inventor, or proprietor of any book, map, 
chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, 
cut, print, photograph, painting, drawing, chromo, 
statute, statuary, etc., may secure a copyright of 
twenty-eight ^^ears' duration. 

The mode of procedure is to record the printed 
title of the book, or printed description of the pho- 
tograph, etc., in the office of the Librarian of Con- 
gress. This must be done before the book or compo- 



34 COPY-RIGHTS. 



sition is published. Two copies or specimens of the 
book or composition to be copyrighted must also be 
forwarded to the Librarian of Congress within ten 
days after publication. If a work of art, a photo- 
graph thereof should be transmitted in the same 
manner. 

We give especial attention to this class of cases, 
and will furnish all needed information and instruc- 
tion upon request, and for a fee of $5 



Washington, D. C, October 1, 1870, 
TO IJfVE^TORS: 

About five years ago we adopted the plan 
of worhing for conditional fees. This was done 
in the full belief that it would not redound to 
our own disadvantage, and that we would be 
able, on behalf of inventors, to lessen their ex- 
penses and save thein from imposition. 

The experiment has proved eminently sat- 
isfactory, both to our clients and to ourselves, 
and lue therefore propose to continue our busi^ 
ness permanently on the same plan. 

We are cojifident that we have rendered 
inventors important aid in introducing the 
system^ above referred to, and noiv ash them 
in return to give us a liberal share of patron- 
age. We desire to win success by deserving it. 
Very respectfully, 

CRIFMAK, HOSMEB ^ CO. 



(35) 



Patent Agency of 

CHIPMAN, HOSMER & CO., 

Washington, D. C, October I, 1870. 
As this pamphlet may reach the hands of some 
person unacquainted with our house, we append 
hereto copies of some indorsements we have in our 
possession from inventors and other prominent and 
well-known gentlemen : 

National Metropolitan Bank, 

"Waseington, D. C, April 8, 1869. 
I take great pleasure in expressing my entire confidence in the 
responsibility and fidelity of the Law and Patent Soliciting 
House of CiiiPMAN, HosMEPv & Co., of this city. Tliey do an im- 
mense business, and give universal satisfaction. 

Jno. B. Blake, , PrcsicZcniJ. 



United States Senate, Washington, D. C. 
We recommend Chipman, Hosmer & Co. as trustworthy attor- 
neys. ' Z. Chandler, 

D. S. Norton, 
Lot M. Morrill. 



House of PvEpresentatives, Washington, D. C. 
Knowing well Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co., we take spe- 
cial pleasure in commending them as faithful and reliable attor- 
neys and agents. Wm. B. Allison, 

Sidney Clarke, 
John A. Bingham, 
Geo. W. Julian. 

(36) 



Ul^ITED STA.TES TrEASUEY, WaSHIIs^GTON, D, C. 

Messrs. Chipma^, Hosmer & Co. are gentlemen of high stand- 
ing, in whose ability and integrity all the Departments have 
confidence. J. M. Brodhead, Comptroller, 



VoLUNTOWN, Ct., Octoher 2Q, 1869. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Genti.emeis" : I have received my patent papers and the as- 
signment all right, and I drop you this line to thank you for the 
promptness with which you have pushed the matter through. 

J. S. Casey. 



55 Haxover Street, Bostoit, Mass. 
Messrs. Chipmak, Hosmer & Co, 

Gentlemen: I am most happy to state my obligations to you 
for your kind and able services in my behalf. My intention is 
to send you, in a very short time, a few more devices for patents* 

B. F. Bergh. 



New Bedford, Mass., March 14, 1870. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentleman: My Letters Patent are duly received. In reply, 
I have to say that I thank you for the prompt manner in which 
you have conducted my case. J. Henry Jenings. 



Gloucester, Mass., January 7, 1870. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : Our Letters Patent for medical compound have 
arrived. Please accept our thanks. In future, should we re- 
quire assistance in such matters, we shall certainly apply to you^ 

Call & Griffin. 



"Worcester, Mass., April 2, 1870. 
'Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen: Allow me to return my thanks for the expedi- 



38 TESTIMONIALS. 



tioiis manner in which you have done the business intrusted to 
you by me, as well as for the full and complete specification 
and claims established. E. H. Hill. 



New Yoek City, April 17, 1870. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : Accept my thanks for your kind attention to my 
interests. I am meeting with great success with my invention, 
and find myself well protected by the broad claim you have 
established. William M. Bryant, 

181 Fearl street. 



Green Island, New York, 

November 8, 1869. 
Messrs. Caipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen: I am more than pleased with the extent of 
claim. I am perfectly satisfied now that your firm has no supe- 
riors as patent solicitors or legal advisers in patent matters. 

J. S. Van Buren. 



Brooklyn, New York. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : I feel very thankful to you for the able manner 
in which you have conducted my patent business. Believing 
that the plan you have adopted and are pursuing should com- 
mand the aid and co-operation of all inventors, I promise you 
my humble exertions in your behalf. James M. Ford, 

25, 2'enth street, South Brooklyn. 



Liberty, Pennsylvania, 

November 17, 1869. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : You have prosecuted my patent claims so suc- 
cessfully, that I cannot hesitate in recommending your agency 



TESTIMONIALS. 39 



to all inventors desiring the services of energetic and reliable 
patent attorneys, J. D. Beck. 



Shp.eavsbuey, Pennsylvania, 

April 6, 1870. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : I cannot part with you without expressing my 
thanks for the prompt and vigorous manner in which you have 
prosecuted my patent business. Nowhere have I found men with 
the same zeal which you have manifested. B. F. Roller. 



Muscatine, Iowa, April 4, 1870. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : The able manner in which you have prosecuted 
my claims in the United States Patent Office for the last three 
years shows that you are gentlemen to be relied on as patent 
solicitors. John D. Richards. 



Peoria, Illinois, March 5, 1869. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen ; Permit me not only to express to you my grati- 
tude for your prompt action in obtaining our two Letters Patent, 
but also my surprise at the short time in which you got them 
allowed. Your energy, industry, and perseverance warrant that 
all interests intrusted to you will be promptly and faithfully 
cared for. John Minor. 



175 South Water street, 
Chicago, Illinois. 
Messrs. Chipman, Hosmer & Co. 

Gentlemen : Your favor of the 14th is received, with its 
cheering news in regard to my patent. All honor and credit are 
due to you for this victory ; and you are entitled to better pay 
than you ask for your services. 

A. H. Bryant. 



References. 






Hon. Sidney Perham, Paris, Maine. 
Hon. H. Hamlin, Bangor, Maine. 
Gen. J. L. Chamberlaine, Brunswick, Maine. 
Hon. John A. Peters, Bangor, Maine. 
Llewellen Powers, Esq., Houlton, Maine. 
Capt. J. B. Coyle, Portland, Maine. 
Hon. E. B. Smith, Saco, Maine. 
Hon. Eugene Hall, Ellsworth, Maine. 
Hon. J. W. Spaulding, Richmond, Maine. 
Hon. James S. Wiley, Dover, Maine. 
Z. K. Harmon, Esq., Portland, Maine. 
S. E. Bryant, Esq., Kennebunkport, Maine. 
Samuel L. Miller, Esq., Waldoboro, Maine. 
John C. Cobb, Esq., Windham, Maine. 
John B. Trafton, Esq., Fort Fairfield, Maine 
Maj. H. H. Burbank. Limerick, Maine. 
Samuel Belcher, 'Esq., Farmington, Maine. 
A. H. Small, Esq., Gardiner, Maine. 
Nathan Wyman, Esq., Dexter, Maine. 
Samuel D. Leavitt, Esq., Eastport, Maine. 
Col. Evart W. Farr, Littleton, N. H. 
J. E. Rider, Esq., Portsmouth, N. H. 
Orlando G. Neal, Esq., Manchester, N. H. 
L. Cady, Esq., Fairfax, Vermont. 
R. R. Thrall, Esq., Rutland, Vermont. 
Dennis Lane, Esq., Montpelier, Vermont. 
S. D. Winslow, Esq., Pittsford, Vermont. 
C. P. Blackmar, Esq., West Killingly, Conn. 
E. B. Sumner, Esq., Willimantic, Conn. 
J. M. Marlin, Esq., Colt's Armory, Hartford, Conn. 
E. W. Dawson, Esq., New Haven, Conn. 
(40) 



REFERENCES. 41 



Josiah Ackley, Middle Haddam, Conn. 
Messrs. Slatcher & Depew, Bridgeport, Conn. 
Litchfield, Conn. 
P. A. Rich, Esq., Middletown, Conn. 
W. A. Baldwin, Meriden, Conn. 
G. A. Wilbur, Esq., Woonsocket, R. I. 
Messrs. Reed & Chase, Providence, R. I. 
H. J. Spooner, Esq., Providence, R. I. 
Francis ShaiSeld, Esq., Westerly, R. I. 

L. Eaton, Esq., Cashier National Bank South Reading, Mass. 
Horace B. Spear, Cashier National Granite Bank, Quincy, Mass. 
Messrs. Gardiner & Hyde, Springfield, Mass. 
Messrs. Abbott & Easterbrook, Worcester, Mass. 
Ebenezer Gay, Esq., 42 Court street, Boston, Mass. 
Asa G. Bunker, Esq., Nantucket, Mass. 
Hon. B. F. Butler, Lowell, Mass. 
J. Henry Jenings, Esq., New Bedford, Mass. 
Lemuel T. Wilcox, Esq., No. 29 North Water street. New Bed- 
ford, Mass. 
Col. Giles H. Rich, No. 1 Dudley Block, Roxbury, Mass. 
N. M. Hawkes, E>q., Lynn, Mass 

D. B. Weston, Esq., Charlestown, Mass. 

Fall River, Mass. 

Lawrence, Mass. 
Charles Nettleton, Esq., 117 Broadway, N. Y. 
A. Thompson, Esq., Cashier Fifth National Bank, N. Y. 
John Wadsworth, Esq., Pres't Irvine Fire Insurance Co., N. Y. 
James Merrell, Esq., Cashier National Trust Company, 336 
Broadway, N. Y. 

E. B. Lansing, Esq., Auburn, N. Y. 

Maj. D. W. Haynes, U. S. Pension Agent, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
T. R. Morgan, Esq., Cashier National Broome County Bank, 

Binghamton, N. Y. 
John I. Cole, Esq., Haverstraw, N. Y. 
T. P. Saunders, Esq., Adams, N. Y. 
Col. J. A. Sabin, Malone, N. Y. 
Maj. C. Burgess, Rochester, N. Y. 



42 REFERENCES. 



M. E. t). Brown, Esq., Utica, N. Y. 
M. V. Nobles, Esq., Elmira, N. Y. 

C. C. Gardiner, Esq., Elmira, N. Y. 
Gen. E. S. Jenney, Syracuse, N. Y. 

H. Olds, Esq., 50 Marcellus street, Syracuse, N. Y. 

H. M. Ames, Esq., Oswego, N. Y. 

Hon. Joel Tiffany, Albany, N. Y. 

H. R. Williams, Esq., Buffalo, N. Y. 

H. G. Ellsworth, Lockport, N. Y. 

Gerry L. Taylor, Esq., Trenton, N. J. 

Gen. Theodore Runyon, Newark, N. J. 

N. P. Howell & Co., Newark, N. J. 

J. B. Cleveland, Esq., Jersey City, N. J. 

John R. Nagle & Co., 630 Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

W. McCready, Esq., 521 Minor street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

S. & J. M. Flanagan, Merchants, Philadelphia, Pja. 

Messrs. Roberts, League & Co.,, 135 South 7th st., Phi Fa, Pa. 

W. P. Uhlinger, Esq., Columbia Iron Works, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Gen. Joshua Owen, Register of Deeds, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Messrs. Matthews, Paulson, & Co., 816 Walnut street, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Gen. John F. Ballier, corner Coats and Fourth streets, Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Robert Snodgrass, Esq. , Harrisburg, Pa 

Gen. A. S Pearson, Pittsburg, Pa. 

D. J. M. Loop, Esq., Wilkesbarre, Pa. 

E. B. Parker, Esq., Jersey Shore, Pa. 
Hon. A. J. Deitrick, Williamsport, Pa. 
Messrs. Grimshaw & McCabe, Wilmington, Del. 
J. W. Megaw, Esq., Wilmington, Del. 

H. L. Emmons, Esq., Attorney at Law, Baltimore, Md. 

Thomas W. Griffin, Esq., Baltimore, Md. 

Gen. Lloyd Tilghman, Centerville, Md. 

J. J. Turner, Esq., Baltimore, Md. 

H. H. Keedy, Esq., Hagerstown, Md. 

Daniel Kent, Esq. 

W. W. Lamb, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 



REFERENCES. 43 



P. H. Masi, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 

Charles W. Wilson, Esq., Norfolk, Va. 

Eller D. Smith, Cashier Exchange National Bank, Norfolk, Va. 

Thomas W. Upshur, Esq., Richmond, Va. 

E. M. Garnett, Esq., Richmond, Va. 

Messrs. Garland & Christian, Lynchburg, Va. 

W. T. Joynes, Esq., Petersburg, Va. 

John A. Lutz, Esq., Waynesboro, Va. 

G. B. Caldwell, Esq., Wheeling, W. Va. 

James McKinney, Esq., Ritchie Court- House, W. Va. 

John Hughes, Esq., Newberne, N. C. 

Messrs. Strong & Morrissey, Goldsboro, N. C. 

Hon. Allen Rutherford, Wilmington, N. C. 

Col. J. A. Eylehard, Wilmington, N. C. 

Maj. N. E. Scales, Salisbury, N. C. 

Col. Paul Faison, Northampton Co., N. C. 

Greensborough, N. C. 

Raleigh, N. C. 
Col. W. F. Davidson, Charlotte, N. C. 
Hon. R. D. Carpenter, Charleston, S. C. 
Gen. Samuel McGowan, Abbeville, S. C. 
Gen. Benjamin Huger, Columbia, S. C. 
Gen. P. M. B. Young, Cartersville, Ga. 

Atlanta, Ga. 
John W. Shorter, Esq., Macon, Ga. 
Messrs. Hines & Hobbs, Albany, Ga. 
Messrs. Jackson & Lawton, Savannah, Ga. 
Capt. Thomas Stewart, Gainesville, Fla. 
Hon. F. H. Palmer, St. Augustine, Fla. 

Joseph Martin, Esq., Teller National Bank of Huntsville, Ala. 
Col. D. C Rugg, Huntsville, Ala. 
Hon. W. W. D. Turner, Mobile, Ala. 
Hon. A. E. Buck, M. C, Mobile, Ala. 
Messrs. Peters & Dawson, Selma, Ala. 
L. D. Allen, Esq., Natchez, Miss. 
. H. H. McAleny, Esq., Jackson, Miss. 
Amos R. Johnson, Esq., Jackson, Miss. 



44 REFERENCES. 



H. S. Van Eaton, Esq, Woodville, Miss. 

Messrs. Marshall & Miller, Vicksburg, Miss. 

Judge M. J. Horner, Helena, Ark. 

Hon. Logan H. Roots, M. C, Helena, Ark. 

Hon. Alexander McDonald, U. S. Senator, Ark. 

William A. Inman, Esq., Batesville, Ark. 

Messrs. Paterson & Withers, Ozark, Ark. 

H. Pike, Esq., Little Rock, Ark. 

Messrs. English & Wilshire, Little Rock, Ark. 

Harris J. Pinckney, Esq., Shreveport, La. 

Capt. Burdett A. Terrett, Nachitoches, La. 

B. M. Foster, Esq., Morganza, La. 

Hon. J. S. Harris, U. S. Senate, La. 

Hon. W. P. Kellogg, U. S. Senate, La. 

Prof. Emile Lamm, New Orleans, La. 

Judge W. W. Howe, New Orleans, La. 

B. W. Le Compte, Esq., H. & G. R. R., Galveston, Texas. 

F. W. Glenn, Esq., Galveston, Texas. 

C. K. Johns & Co., Austin, Texas. 

C. H. Blood, Esq., Brownsville, Texas. 

Gen. C. M. Wilcox, Texas. 

W. C. Grave, Esq., Cashier First National Bank, Warsaw, Ind 

Messrs. Blake & Johnson, Goshen, Ind. 

J. W. Blake, Esq., Indianapolis, Ind. 

Dr. Everts, Superintendent Insane Asylum, Indianapolis, Ind. 

Hon. D. D. Pratt, Logansport, Ind. 

C. D. Purdy, Esq., La Porte, Ind. 

G. W. Pagett, Esq., Oxford, Ind. 
Hon. John A. Logan, Carbondale, 111. 

J. H. Cummings, Esq., Cashier First National Bank, Macomb, 

111. 
Hon. J. F. Farnsworth. St. Charles, 111. 
Springfield, 111. 

Hon. E. C. Ingersoll, Peoria, 111. 
Judge H. W. Blodgett, Chicago, 111. 
John L. Post, Esq., Ashley, 111. 
Isaac R. Hitt & Co., Chicago, 111. 



Hon. George Puterbaugli, Peoria, 111. 

J. C. White, Esq., Cairo, 111. 

George Sturgis, Esq,, President N. W. National Bank, Chicago, 
IlL 

Col. W. H. Hill, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

J. B. Conklin, Esq., Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Thomas Dye, Esq., Columbus, Ohio. 

Messrs. Urvine & Brice, Lima, Ohio. 

Hon. R. C. Schenck, Dayton, Ohio. 

Henry Strong, Esq., Springfield, Ohio. 

J. F. Whitelaw, Esq., Cashier National City Bank, Cleveland, 
Ohio. 

B. F. Potts, Esq , Carrollton, Ohio. 

W. S. Poulson, Esq., Cadiz, Ohio. 

Hon. C. W. Potwin, President Second National Bank, Zanes- 
ville, Ohio. 

Homer L. Ennes, Esq., Birmingham, Ohio. 

M. Stone, Esq., Vermillion, Ohio. 

Hon. James F. Wilson, Iowa. 

Samuel C. Farmer, Esq., Cashier First National Bank, Fair- 
field, Iowa. 

Hon. J. T. Stone, Banker, Glenwood, Iowa. 

Gen. William- Vandever, Dubuque, Iowa. 

W. A. Crosley, Esq., Webster City, Iowa. 

Col. Charles A. Clarke, Webster City, Iowa. 

W. B. Beebe, Esq., Sabula, Iowa. 

J. B. Smith, Esq., Milwaukee, Wis. 

Gen. Halbert Payne, Milwaukee, Wis. 

A. G. Eandall, Esq , Oshkosh, Wis. 

A. L. Sholes, Esq., Kenosha, Wis. 

E. G. Butts, Esq., Stillwater, Minn. 

Judge Charles McClure, Red Wing, Minn. 

Frank Ives, Esq., Red Wing, Minn. 

John Dooley, Esq., St. Paul, Minn. 

Hon. E. M. Wilson, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Hon. F. C. Beaman, Adrian, Mich. 

Capt. R. B. Bobbins, Adrian, Mich- 



46 REFERENCES. 



S. J. Reynolds, Esq , Saginaw, Mich. 
* Moses Johnson, Esq., Tliree Rivers, Mich. 
David Preston & Co., Bankers, Detroit, Mich. 
James S. Dewey, Esq., Pontiac, Mich. 
Hon. A. L. Williams, Owosso, Mich. 

E. J. Kendree, Esq., Lansing, Mich. 

Messrs. Taggart, Simonds, & Burlingame, Grand Rapids, Mich. 

W. H. Benton, Esq., St. Louis, Mo. 

Gen. John B. Gray, St. Louis, Mo. 

R. H. Mason, Esq., St. Louis, Mo. 

Hon. Charles D. Drake, Mo. 

Col. T. S. Case, Kansas City, Mo. 

John J. Elbertson, Esq., Kirksville, Mo. 

Messrs. Bender & Markle, St. Joseph, Mo. 

Messrs.. Larrabee & Brother, Macon, Mo. 

Tapley B. Pyron, Esq., Springfield, Mo. 

Messrs. Stephens & Campbell, Lexington, Ky. 

J. B. Moody, Esq., Louisville, Ky. 

Danville, Ky. 

Frankfort, Ky. 
Col. J. M. Fidler, Lebanon, Ky. 
G(K)rge W. Hinman, Esq., Paducah, Ky. 

Bowling Green, Ky. 
Judge H. T. Lee, Memphis, Tenn. 
Maj. J. D. Walker, Nashville, Tenn. 
Munson & Bailey, Knoxville, Tenn. 

Huntingdon, Tenn. 
Springfield, Tenn. 
George H. Miller, Esq., Leavenworth, Kansas. 
Col. E. H. Brooke, Leavenworth, Kansas. 

F. R. Hunt, Esq., Cashier First National Bank, Leavenworth, 
Kansas. 

Col. A. A. Bassett, Lawrence, Kansas. 

R. J. Mcllvain, Esq., Omaha, Neb. 

Samuel Maxwell, Esq., Plattsmouth, Neb. 

Henry S. Jennings, Esq., Lincoln, Neb. 

Judge C. M. Hawley, U. S. Circuit Court, Salt Lake City, Utah. 



REFERENCES. 47 



Jacob Downing, Esq., Denver City, Colorado 
W. B. Holloway, Esq. Puebla, Colorado. 
Gov. Todd, Yancton, Dacotah. 

Col. E. r. Ferry, Surveyor General, Olympia, W. T. 
Messrs. Russell & Elkins, Albany, Oregon. 
C. M Carter, Esq., Portland, Oregon. 
Jerome Churchill, Esq., Yreka, Cal. 
J. K. Robinson, Esq., San Francisco, Cal. 
Col. Robert Murray, U. S. A., San Francisco, Cal. 
Messrs. Duncan & Everett, Santa Fe, New Mexico. 
Messrs. Ilaseltine, Lake, & Co., London, England. 
W. B. West, Esq., U. S. Consul, Dublin, Ireland. 
George E. Tuckett, Esq., Hamilton, Ontario. 
Montreal, Canada. 
Gen. Thos. Allcock, Goderich, Ontario. 
Capt. Richard Kearney, Havre de Grace, Newfoundland. 
Hon. E. B. Washburne, Paris, France. 
Gen. Geo. Pomutz, U. S. Consul, St. Petersburg, Russia. 
Hon D. E. Sickles, Madrid," Spain. 
Disconto Geseliochaft, Banker, Berlin, Prussia. 
Edward Robinson, U. S. Consul, Hamburg, Germany. 
Henri Enri, U. S. Consul, Basle, Switzerland. 
Messrs. M. A. Gruenebaum & Ballin, Bankers, Frankfort-on- 

the-Main. 
Messrs. Becker & Co., Bankers, Leipsic. 
Messrs. Gebrueder Haas, Bankers, Carlsruhe. 
Mr. J. B. Haertl, Bankers, Stuttgart. 
Messrs. M. & H. Mamroth, Bankers, Posen. 
Mr. Michel Berend, Bankers, Hanover. 
Messrs. Eichhorn & Co., Bankers, Breslau. 
Mr. Joseph Von Hirsch, Bankers, Munich. 
Messrs. W. H. Ladenburg &■ Son, Bankers, Mannheim. 
Mr. G. L. Schloessmann, Bankers, Mayence. 
Mr. Paul Von Stetten, Bankers, Augsburg. 
Mr. Ed. Ichon, Bankers, Bremen. 



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